Evaluating the Framework of the Integrative Model of Work Attitudes, Motivation and Performance,

Evaluating the framework of the Integrative Model of Work Attitudes, Motivation and Performance, by Raymond A. Katzell, Donna E. Thompson, 1990


Motivation is Psychology drive to achieve goals.

There are many theories of motivation that can be combined then the capacity of each theory will predict the reality of people’s behaviour in work environment.

Katzell and Thompson developed in 1990 a comprehensive theoretical model of work attitudes, motivation, and performance based on a key constructs prevalent in more limited theories. The constructs were selected on the basis of their importance as shown by past researches and because of their complementarities. The framework connects the constructs causally on the basis of both logic and empirical evidence. It is expressed in the form of a path diagram suitable for empirical test. It is expected that such an integrative framework will provide a better basis for understanding and improving work attitudes, motivation, and performance than do the more limited approaches

Katzell and Thompson organize the different variables from many theories of motivation in to one single framework and link them. This integrative model of motivation provides a good level of representation of an organisation’s structure and the advantage of this framework is that it can be used as an instrument to evaluate the motivation level in an organization



Before analyzing the linkage between these variables, I will describe each of them;

Personal dispositions: It is what each individual bring with him/her in a work environment, such as motivation, needs, values/interest ( Maslow’s theory)

Work environment: all the characteristic of the work, in particular in the work place, which can react positively or negatively, for example: management practices, material resources, work condition, method to fix objectives, method to supervise and identify/design the task.

Incentive or reward; it can be rewards (monetary or non-monetary) and punishment.

Attitude: is a psychological tendency by evaluating an entity with some degree of favour or disfavour. Behaviour is attitude and also willingness. Behaviour is not producing value, belief and personality. As Personality is directly giving a value and bringing the belief of individual and that will create the Attitude of individual. Attitude is a psychological mind of favourable and disfavourable towards certain things. Positive attitude can only be behaviour if there is willingness. For example; satisfaction, the importance to give the object and to the implications.

Goals or intentions; is the objective of what you are aiming at, and the intention is the representation of the objective, means the intention of the individual toward an objective. A goal is "something that the person wants to achieve"1

Norms is a standard behaviour or something we have inside and the other people consider is correct. For example: if we are in the work environment, the fact that we have older colleagues then we respect them more amongst the other colleagues.

Means the rule that we respect in our environment is consider correct by the others, and automatically you obey the rule.

Effort is energy and time that we invested when we want to reach our objective

Expectancy is a level of expectation to get to an objective while you give the effort. What you are expecting to reach, in term of goal according