Efficiency and Stability of Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

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Research Proposal

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Prepared by: Joseph Michel Mbengue (约瑟夫)

Student No: 1134520004

Supervisor: Prof. 李美成

Theme: Efficiency and Stability of Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Plan

1. Introduction

1.1. Research problem

1.2. The purpose of the study

2. Litterature of review

3. Key research question

4. Methodology

 5. Research plan

6. Reference

1. Introduction:

Solar energy has been considered as a promising renewable and sustainable energy because it is abundant enough to supply the energy demands of human beings on the earth. Today, solar energy provides only a small fraction of total global electricity generation but the use of solar PVs is expended rapidly due to the annual decrease in the cost of such technologies. However, a prerequisite of solar energy technology requires light absorbing materials that are highly efficient, cost effective, lightweight and stable during operation in order to cheaply produce the solar cells. Until now crystalline silicon dominates the solar panel industry but reminds relatively expensive to manufacture and the power conversion efficiency has increased only from 25 percent to 25.6 percent in the previous 15 years, asymptotically approaching its efficiency potential. Although dye sensitized, quantum dot, organic, and inorganic-organic heterojunction solar cells can be fabricated by multiple or single solution processes. But many researchers in photovoltaic (PV) have found several problems such as a lack of long-term stability and low conversion efficiency, and the default might be related to fundamental energy losses associated with the extensive interface for charge separation and poor mobility of the charge carriers. Recently lead halide perovskite materials have garnered much attention in the past years because of their high efficiency, low cost, high absorption characteristics and straighten charge transport properties with long diffusion lengths optically,  and the ease to make these materials solution processable. Lead halide perovskite solar cells have also offered the promising breakthrough for next generation solar devices, allowing novel device layouts to lead to record performances and holding the promise of low cost effective solar energy production.

This thesis will present some fundamental details of lead halide perovskite materials, various fabrication techniques and devices structures. we will investigate phase stability, perovskite layer morphology, hysteresis in current-voltage characteristics, and overall performance as a function of efficiency factor.

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Resource consumption by part of the world. Based on BP statistical review of world energy 2015 data.

1.1 Research problem

The world seems to be undertaking radical changes that will affect all spheres of life. The rapid increases of population and the advancement in industrialization and technology that influence the living standards of masses of ordinary people which in turn cause an increase in global energy consumption. Now we are in high dependence on fossil fuel such as coal, nature gas, and oil to meet basic human needs. By using these fossils fuels we are generating ourselves problems such as shortage of energy (increasing the price of electricity) and climate change. So lean on a large scale renewable energy could be a very important solution specially solar energy.

Using photovoltaic devices that can directly convert the light to electricity from unlimited source can solve these major problems that we are facing. The goal of this research is to develop an efficient and stable lead halide perovskite solar cells.

1.2 The purpose of the study

Arise from research in solution processable semiconductors, a correspondingly old family materials has emerged as a serious candidate for utility-scale solar power. The past 3 years have seen the uniquely rapid emergence of a new class of solar cell based on mixed organic- inorganic halide perovskite. Lead halide perovskite solar cells have driven a paradigm shift in photovoltaics (PVs) since they are breaking with the perpetual tradeoff between power conversion efficiency and fabrication cost. Recently emerged as a promising material for next generation photovoltaics that can address the scalability changes with low cost solution process and high efficiency. As a promising absorbers for solar cells, the band gap of lead halide perovskite can be easily designed through the choice of metal cation, inorganic anion, and organic ligands. Such materials have been demonstrate to be excellent photovoltaic materials having a large absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, high carrier diffusion length, and direct bandgap. Conversion