The Hairy Ape

The Hairy Ape

“The Hairy Ape” tells the story of a laborer, Yank. He is searching for belonging throughout the play. In the beginning, he feels secure in his role as a fireman of an ocean liner. But when Mildred Douglas comes to the stokehole, she sees him and calls him a filthy beast, which causes an identity crisis in Yank. He goes to New York and finds that he doesn’t belong there, either. Eventually, he goes to see the gorillas in the zoo, and the beast kills him in the end of the play.

Yank is a representative of an early 20th century industrial worker who loses faith in the machine. The world in “The Hairy Ape” is bleak. Man has lost faith in himself. Many people have idealized wealth and privilege. O’Neill uses Yank’s search for belonging to show that loss of faith ends up in death.

O’Neill uses steel throughout the story to represent strength. Steel also represents the cage that Yank feels that he is in. This cage is first symbolized by the fireman's forecastle of the ocean liner. "The lines of bunks, the uprights supporting them, cross each other like the steel framework of a cage."(1103) The workers are described as brutes, “hairy-chested, with long arms of tremendous power, and low, receding brows above their small, fierce, resentful eyes.”(1104) This description could be used by many to describe the gorilla later in the play.

Yank represents their leader, and in the beginning of the story, the men agree with his opinion, and follow along with his jokes when he is trying to “t’ink”. The men speak in unison and are compared to machines, suggesting they have been dehumanized. Yank describes his unhappy childhood, and Long, a socialist, agrees with Yank that the ship is the only home they know and “‘ome is 'ell."(1106) Long blames their unhappy state on the "lazy, bloated swine what travels first cabin."(1106) Yank calls the wealthy passengers "just baggage."(1107) "We belong and dey don't.” (1107)

Belonging becomes a major focus for Yank, and he belittles others who he feels don’t belong. Paddy tells of a time when a sailor was a part of the sea. He describes the sailing ships, when the men were above decks and could breathe the fresh air. This vision is laughed at by Yank, and he dismisses both Long and Paddy.

Yank’s attitude changes when a young socialite visits the stokehole. Mildred Douglas is a wealthy traveler on the same ship. She represents the bored, wealthy women who believe they are doing good deeds by ministering to the poor. She uses her position to gain access to the stokehole to see how the other half lives. This sets up the chain of events that ultimately costs Yank his life.

Mildred, in her clean, white dress, is out of place in the dirty stokehole of the ship. When she calls Yank a filthy beast, he begins to question his own feeling of belonging. This is increased when the other men begin to tease him