Imperialism

Imperialism

Causes and strategies; Reactions to expansion:-Increasing tensions among industrial powers.

-Increasing agitation for national independence.-Scrambles for empire: Africa China, Latin America.

--China--the Boxer Rebellion.--Latin America and Free Trade Imperialism

---The scramble brings new players.---The United States.----Internal imperialism.

---Rivalries and alliances-Independence movement leads to revolution (mass

movement)--Latin America-middle class join elites or masses.

---The Constitution of 1917.

-Independence deferred: India

--Development of Indian Nationalist-divided nationalism b/w Hindu & Muslim

Industrialization

-Recruitment of science in industrialization

-Premier industries-Transportation, materials, electricity and communication

-Standardizing work and workers.--The automobile and mass production; assembly line production;

--scientific management; Time and motion studies.-communications; telegraph

-Electric light and power systems

The two faces of science in the industrial age.

Science and social uplift; Industrial science and monopoly capitalism.

Modernization: Bourgeois liberalism: rule of law, contracts, rights; Industrial capitalism: free markets, free labor, mechanization, growth of professional classes.-Ottoman Turks indebted to France and Britain brings reforms.

Financial infrastructure, class formation, urbanization.-Lack of industrialization, and trade deficits.

Young Ottomans and demands for constitution & parliament.-Western liberalism, Turkish nationalism, Islamic modernism.

Globalization: Supplying the industrial west; creating an indigenous middle class, encouraging European bourgeois values.-Igniting indigenous nationalism and reform movements.-Usually without mass support.

N. Africa: Egyptian modernization under Muhammad Ali.

The limits of modernization.-The Revolution of 1857-8 and annexation; The emergence of middle-class. Indian nationalists; Formation of the Indian National Congress.

-During the Opium War Chinese military weakness: modern weaponry

-Industrial Revolution "quiet revolution"; Making use