A Tree Growns in Brooklyn Analysis

Evolution is nature’s ability to ensure that living things will adapt in response to changes in the environment to ensure the maximum probability of survival, even under the most extreme circumstances. This ability almost seems granted to us by a kind of divinity, of which without all living things on our planet would have surely met their doom. Similarly, as a person ascends through the years of his or her lifetime, the intrinsic changes in an individual in response to the extrinsic obstacles can be quite uncanny. This “social evolution” is directly responsible for our ability, as social animals, to cope with whatever problems we experience throughout the course of a lifetime. The consequences of each event will help shape and mold one’s perspective on life to help them deal with any problem that may arise.

In the novel A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith, the main character, Francie, goes through such changes and the reader is intimately involved with her decision-making capabilities. From the days collecting garbage at a young age with her brother up to working in a pressroom in Manhattan, Francie developed from a rambunctious, confused adolescent into a mature and well-rounded young woman. Francie lacked access to many of the things one might consider necessary to help raise a fine young woman, nonetheless, her experiences and ability to cope and learn transformed her into a respectable, educated young woman.

Francie had to face many things that stood in the way of her commitment toward self-actualization. Other than the obvious pressures of sexism and those of the social hierarchy, many other obstacles caused Francie to adapt to her life of hardship. Before the death of her father, Johnny, Francie shared a special bond with him that overcame any feelings of insecurity or fear she had. Johnny was her crutch, which she could lean upon whenever opposed by life’s pressures. However, after his death, Francie was forced to deal with such pressures on her own and without the support of her father. This caused an immediate and rapid transformation from child to woman. The author makes this clear using many words that are associated exclusively with a woman and never a girl. For example, many times after the reader is informed of Johnny’s death, the author frequently mentions the type of clothing that Francie is wearing. Whether it is her underwear, her brassiere or her stockings being discussed, these more intimate articles of clothing instill Francie’s newly found sense of adulthood in the reader. In the opening pages of the novel, we envision Francie hauling garbage through the slums of Brooklyn with grease on her face and dirt on her knees. As we near the end of the novel, the reader can view Francie as tall, clean, business-like woman. The author clearly illustrates this, “Francie brushed out her long hair, braided it and wound the braids around her head. She put on fresh stockings and white high-heeled pumps. Before she slipped a fresh pink linen dress over her head, she sprinkled violet sachet powder on a square of cotton and tucked it inside her brassiere” (p. 492).

As she matured, Francie went against every stereotype associated with a girl of her status. Growing up in the slums of Brooklyn with an alcoholic father, a nagging mother and a promiscuous aunt, Francie’s chances of making it in such a materialistic world were slim to none. The author often illustrated how materialistic the world was by describing, in precise detail, the way the rich upper class girls presented themselves. In addition, the local librarian represented the world’s view on girls like