Data Analysis Assignment

Internet of Things

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1990-WWW-static information, 2000-web 2.0 User-generated dynamic data, 2010-Web of Systems like Smart buildings/cities, Smart electricity grid, Smart agriculture, Smart health care, Smart manufacturing. By 2020 distributed, interacting, autonomous devices will negotiate and coordinate industrial and commercial processes as per Siemens

Sensors → Analytics → Actuators

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Investment in IoT increasing. Major devices, software, hardware & software

IoT is M2M over the Internet. But the two terms are often used interchangeably

M2M without internet

Two machines communicating-Not necessarily over the Internet, Not necessarily using standard protocols, Proprietary software may need to be developed

IoT-A device* communicating with some software, Uses the Internet (wired/wireless), Can build upon software already developed.

Consumer IoT is growing fast in Canada but Enterprise IoT dominates. Consumer in Enterprise IoT has highest growth rate (~48%)

Applications of IoT-Intelligent transport, Smart grid, Smart cities, Digital healthcare, Smart buildings, Intelligent supplychain, Manufacturing 4.0, Digital oilfield

GE’s Predix is a cloud-based “PaaS” Platform as a Service

Can be thought of as an operating system on which applications can be built. Siemens, HP, Honeywell, Cisco are similar systems

“Total M2M/IoT traffic exceeded total human voice traffic in 2012.” As per New York Times

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Mobile traffic(smart& non smart) 57% CAGR (2014-2019)

Wearable Communication Devices 40%CAGR-2014-2019

LPWA: Low Power Wide Area. e.g. smart meters, smart buildings, street lights, health monitoring and pet or personal asset trackers.

Sensors and Sensor Networks

Sensors-Benefits of nanosats-Faster development, Less stringent standards (backup available), Lower launch costs ($20K-100K per kg, declining), Updated nanosats can be launched annually

LEO satellites can monitor-radio beacons from ships/ aircraft, environmental conditions, Illegal forest clearance

Agriculture, Road traffic patterns, Space weather

Synthetic Aperture Radar for Earthquake Relief

Road Mapping for self driving cars-HERE (owned by BMW, Audi and Daimler), Google - Cars with Lidar and cameras map roads and roadside scenery, supplemented by data from car navigation system or android mobile phones

Talking Guns-GPS location, unholstered or fired, uses police mobile network, Monitoring People at retail store and gym, Sensors in Sutures, Sensors in beans – Bluetooth, sensors-temp, humidity, pressure, CO2, CO, Compass, Gyroscope, wirelessly rechargeable battery. Used for monitoring stored grains/ potatoes. Lidar

Sensor on tools-Drilling and tightening tools know-Drilling depth, Material being drilled, Torque required, inform operator of next steps. Smart contact lens-monitoring glucose, cholesterol, sodium & potassium. Fibre-Laser pulses (~100nsec) are sent down optical fibre upto 50 km. detects temp changes, sounds, vibrations, stress. (~10m acc)

Smart dust-Meteorological, geophysical sensing. Environments where wired sensors are unusable or lead to measurements errors. E.g. instrumentation of: semiconductor processing chambers, rotating machinery,

wind tunnels, anechoic chambers. Health care: monitoring the movements and internal processes of patients

Corporate interest in Sensors-IBM (SmarterPLanet), Cisco (Smart connected communities), HP (Central nervous system for the earth, CeNSE)

Sensor Networks-Anti-lock brakes-Conventional ABS, Computerised ABS. In this case network is very local

Toy (SpinMaster-Supplier), 3GPP (narrow broadband, 250 kbps, bandwidth 180 khz), IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks – Low power(1-2 years battery life), low data rates, low range (10m), globally available 2.4 GHz

Central coordinator node (A→B) consumes more power than (A→ X→ B), Zigbee 3.0 Standard-wireless communication based on IEEE 802.15.4, uses protocal that are lower than TCP/IP. Directional WiFi-Sensor in farm animals monitor health uses 802.15.4 to communicate with relay station. Range up to 10-50Km, Data rate depends on distance, Line of sight required. Large scale agricultural applications use IEEE 802.22 WRAN Wireless Regional Area Network, IEEE 802.22 uses TV white space-Low frequencies 54-862 MHz, In practice mostly in the band: 600-800 MHz. These frequencies are suited to communications up to about 100 Km. In practice 802.22 is designed for either 17 or 32 Km range