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Is Electroconvulsive Therapy Unsuitable For Children And Adolescents?

REFERENCES

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Anthony, J., & Scott, P. (1960). Manic-depressive illness in childhood. Childhood Psychology and Psychiatry, 1, 53-72.

Asnis, G. M., Fink, M., & Saferstein, S. (1978). ECT in metropolitan New York hospitals: A survey of practice, 1975-76. American Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 479-482.

Baldwin, S., & Jones, Y. (1990). ECT, children and clinical psychologists: A shock to the system? Clinical Psychology Forum, 25, 3-5.

Baldwin, S., & Jones, Y. (1991). More ECT, more children and more clinical psychologists: New shocks to the system. Clinical Psychology Forum, 32, 13-15.

Baldwin, S., & Oxlad, M. (1996). Multiple case sampling of ECT administration with 217 minors: Review and meta-analysis. Journal of Mental Health, 5(5), 451-463.

Bender, L. (1947, June). One hundred cases of childhood schizophrenia treatment with electric shock. Paper presented at the 72nd annual meeting of the American Neurological Association.

Bender, L. (1973). The life course of children with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 783-786.

Black, D. W., Wilcox, J. A., & Stuart, M. (1985). The use of ECT with children: Case report. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 46(3), 98-99.

British Psychological Society. (1988). Register of chartered psychologists: Charter guide. Leicester, England.

British Psychological Society, Division of Clinical Psychology. (1987). Guidelines for professional practice. Leicester, England. Cerletti, U. (1956). Electroshock therapy. In A. M. Sackler, M. D., Sackler, & R. R. Sackler (Eds.), The great psychodynamic therapies (pp. 91-120). New York: Paul Hoeber.

Clardy, E. R. (1951). A study of the development and course of schizophrenia in children. Psychiatric Quarterly, 25, 81-90.

Clare, A. W. (1978). Therapeutic and ethical aspects of electro-convulsive therapy: A British perspective. International Law and Psychiatry, 1, 237-253.

ECT forty years on. (1979, October 27). The Lancet, pp. 888-889.

El-Sharif, M. (1993). ECT and children. Central Television, Birmingham, England.

Frankel, F. (1973). Electroconvulsive therapy in Massachusetts: A task force report. Massachusetts Journal of Mental Health, 3, 3-29.

Freedman, A. M., Kaplan, H. I., & Sadock, B. J. (Eds.). (1972). Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

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Freeman, C. P. L., & Kendell, R. E. (1980). ECT: Patients' experiences and attitudes. British Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 17-25.

Frommer, E. A. (1972). Diagnosis and treatment of clinical child psychiatry. New York: Sage.

Gallinek, (1952). Controversial indications for electric convulsive therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 10, 361-366.

Gostin, L. O. (1975). A human condition: The Mental Health Act from 1959-1975. Mental Disability Law Reporter, 55, 1976.

Hift, E., Hift, S., & Spiel, W. (1960). Ergebnisse der shockbehandlangen bei kindlischen schizophrenien. Achweizer Archiv fur Neurologic, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie, 86, 256-272.

Hughes, J., Barraclough, B. M., & Reeve, W. (1981). Are patients shocked by ECT? Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 74, 283-285.

Jones, Y., & Baldwin, S. (1992). Shock, lies and psychiatry. Changes: An International Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy, 10(2), 126-135.

Kanner, A. (1966). A textbook of psychiatry. New York: Sage.

Kendall, R. E. (1981). The present status of electroconvulsive therapy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 265-283.

McKenna, P., & Pratt, R. T. C. (1983). The effect of unilateral nondominant ECT on memory and perceptual functions. British Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 276-279.

Mendels, J. (1967). The prediction of response to electroconvulsive therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 124, 153-159.

Monrad Aas, J. H. (1991). Malpractice. Quality Assurance in Health Care, 3(1), 21-39.

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