Intelligence

Intelligence

Intelligence : is the capacity to learn from experience, to think rationally and to deal with the environment.

Intelligence Versus Achievement

Achievement refers to knowledge and skills gained from experience. It involves specific content such as Spanish, calculus, history, psychology, biology and art or music.

The relationship between achievement and experience is obvious.

Psychologists have proposed several approaches to defining intelligence:

1- Spearman's Two-Factor Theory:

He suggested that intelligence consists of :

- "g" factor which stands for general intelligence (ability to reason and solve problems).

- "s" factor which stands for specific intelligence (accounts for particular abilities).

2-Louis Thurstone Theory of Primary Mental Abilities:

He believed that nine separate factors make up for the intelligence. He called them primary abilities. These primary abilities are as follows:

1-Visual and spatial abilities (shapes and spatial relationships)

2- Perceptual speed (to understand perceptual information rapidly and to see similarities and differences between stimuli)

3- Numerical Ability (calculate and recall numbers)

4- Verbal meaning (knowledge of the meanings of words)

5- Word fluency (the ability to think of rhyming words or crosswords puzzles)

6- Deductive reasoning (the ability to derive examples from general rules)

7- Inductive reasoning (the ability to derive