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Biological Determinants

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Biological Determinants

-Relates to how the structure of cells, tissues, and systems of the body and hoe adequately they function

Body Weight:

can impact on health and influence other biological determinants. Obesity in crease the risk of developing:

High Blood Pressure

Cardiovascular Disease

Type 2 Diabetes

Self-esteem issues and Depression

Assessments about body weight are determined using BMI and waist circumference measurements.

women who have a waist circumference of 88cm or greater, and men who have a waist circumference of 102 cm or greater have a high risk of developing a disease or illness due to a higher proportion if abdominal fat.

Blood Pressure

is measured in systolic and diastolic pressure. anything around 120-180 indicates normal blood pressure.

Hypertension contributes to cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack, stroke and kidney failure. risk factors that contribute to hypertension include:

Obesity

Lack of Physical Activity

Stress

Smoking

Hormones

Oestrogen:

helps maintain bone density. During menopause oestrogen levels decline leading to a loss of bone mass, making women more susceptible to fractures.

Influences the distribution of fat. Women tend to deposit fat around buttocks and thighs, whereas men and post menopausal women tend to deposit fat around the abdomen increasing the risk of heart disease.

Testosterone:

Plays a role in increasing risk taking behaviours such as skylarking, violence and substance misses, which may contribute to higher rates of injury and mortality.

Glucose Regualtion

impaired glucose regulation (glucose intolerance or insulin resistance) is wen cells become resistance to the action of insulin, preventing glucose from being absorbed into the cells. impaired glucose regulation can occur as a result of:

Genetic Predisposition

Stress

Lack of Exercise

Smoking

Diet High in Fat

Being Overweight

High Blood Pressure

Those that display the risk factors associated with Impaired glucose regulation experience higher rates of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. These conditions contribute to higher rates of:

Heart Attack

Stroke

Kidney Disease

Premature Death

Reduced Social Interaction and Stress

Impaired glucose regulation can be reversed, however it takes long time and need hard work. No consumption of alcohol.

Birth Weight

Low birth weights classified as under 2.5kg. Birth weight is related to health outcomes directly after birth, and later in life. Low birth weight babies are more likely to have an underdeveloped immune system, suffer significant disabilities (speech and learning) and suffer premature death. Low birth weight has been linked to:

High Blood Pressure

Type 2 Diabetes

Cardiovascular Disease

Causes of Low Birth Weight :

Premature birth

Age of Mother

Smoking

Excessive Alcohol Consumption and Drug use during pregnancy

Illness of mother during pregnancy

Blood Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a type of fat required for cell membranes and the production of hormones. Cholesterol is produced by the liver and found in foods such as eggs, Full cream milk, and fatty meats (chicken skin, pork) cholesterol release is triggered by

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