Nur/544 - Community Conceptual Model Comparison

Community Conceptual Model Comparison

Nicole DeMase, Cindy Kaletka, Alexandra Nightingale,

Shannon Pranger, Latoya Stukes

NUR/544

November 9, 2015

Dr. Sandra Winters

Community Conceptual Model Comparison

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Nursing theory is “an organized framework of concepts and processes designed to guide the practice of nursing".  Nursing theories are developed to explain and describe nursing care, guide-nursing practice and provide a foundation for clinical decision -making (Nursing Theory 2013).  Nursing models were identified in the 1950s as nursing gained recognition and changed the views of other professions.  Nursing theories main focus is to alter the practice of clinicians from a singular system view to a holistic approach.  Proven scientifically assessed programs and strategies are available to public health staff as evidence-based practice (McCrae 2012).  The evidenced-based practice (EBP) aim is to strengthen existing facts into common care choices to improve health processes and patient outcomes. It is imperative to use nursing theory to guide practice because it provides the ideologies that emphasize health care and increase nursing education.

Application of Pender’s Health Promotion Model

        Both Pender’s Health Promotion and the Health Belief Model are easily applicable to community health issues. One example is the Temple Health Connection. This nurse-run, nurse-managed health care center in northern Philadelphia uses Pender’s Model as a framework for assessment and intervention. At the inception of the project, a community needs assessment undertaken by senior nursing students identified that 66% of the community lived under the poverty level, asthma and lead poisoning in the specific community was double the rate of the rest of the city, and 94% of emergency room users reported no primary care physician (Rothman, Lourie, Brian, & Foley, 2005).

        In order to create a community health center that would truly meet the needs of the community, the planning team used Pender’s model to take into consideration modifying, behavioral, and situational factors influencing the community. Collaboration with a Community Advisory Board was crucial in the planning phase and remains in place. New programs are chosen by virtue of what the community is interested in and “willing to own” at any given time (Rothman, et. al, 2005). By encouraging the community to be invested in the programs, the THC has had measurable success including increased self-esteem among area youth, increased family planning behavior among sexually active teens, and lead poisoning incidence lower than surrounding communities (Rothman, et. al.).

Application of the Health Belief Model

        The Health Belief Model was used as a theoretical framework to explore the reasons for low cardiac rehabilitation attendance among individuals in New Zealand. Using a questionnaire, researches explored perceived threats, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action (Horwood, Williams, & Mandic, 2015). Among high attenders, the perceived benefits were rated highly, while low and non-attenders rated perceived barriers highly. Family and peer encouragement ranked as a high motivator among high attenders.  This information is essential for promotion of the cardiac rehabilitation program among low and non-attend