Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Running Head: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Pamela R. Daniels

Wilberforce University

Introduction

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder of children which is estimated to affect 3 to 5 percent of school-age children. Its core symptoms include developmentally inappropriate levels of attention, concentration, activity, distractibility, and impulsively. Children with ADHD usually have functional impairment across multiple settings including home, school, and peer relationships. ADHD has also been shown to have long-term adverse effects on academic performance, vocational success, and social-emotional development.

Despite the progress in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of children and adults with ADHD, the disorder has remained controversial. The diverse and conflicting opinions about ADHD have resulted in confusion for families, care providers, educators, and policymakers. The controversy raises questions concerning the literal existence of the disorder, whether it can be reliably diagnosed, and, if treated what interventions are the most effective.

One of the major controversies regarding ADHD concerns the use of psychostimulants to treat the condition. Psychostimulants, including amphetamine, methylphenidate, and pemoline, are by far the most widely researched and commonly prescribed treatments for ADHD. Because psychostimulants are more readily available and are being prescribed more frequently, concerns have intensified over their potential overuse and abuse.

This article discussed the various ways that ADHD can be treated and its prognoses. It discussed psychosocial therapy and the use of medication and the possible side effects. Behavior Modification is one of therapies used to treat ADHD. Behavior Modification therapy uses techniques to reward the child for completing a specific task in a timely manner. Also finding a way to keep track of the child’s progress. Another technique use is Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Cognitive Behavior Therapy is used to get the child to recognize the connection between thoughts and behavior. This therapy encourages the child to change negative thinking patterns. Psychotherapy is another part of treatment that is used to treat ADHD. The article discusses how individual psychotherapy can help a child with ADHD build low self-esteem. Psychotherapy can help them gain insight into their behavior and feelings. Family therapy can help work