Ch2 Notes for Apush

1530’s- King Henry VIII breaks with the Catholic Church and converts to Protestantism.

1555 - Queen Elizabeth becomes ruler and promotes Protestantism dominance.

1570-80- Irish Catholics plot to overthrow Protestantism, and aim for aid from Spain, but to no avail, the Irish in turn are treated badly by their new English landlords that have been placed in their lands by the English.

1580 - Francis Duke, a seadog sent by Queen Elizabeth to “unofficially” plunder Spanish ships/ports, returns with 4,600% profit and was knighted upon return by the Queen.

1583 - Humphrey Gilbert attempts to colonize Newfoundland but fails repeatedly.

1585 - Walter Raleigh begins with what Gilbert started, but tried in warmer climates, he came upon the Roanoke Islands and named it ‘Virgin Queen’ but that too fails.

1588 - Phillip II builds the great Spanish Armada to defeat the ever-growing English power, and sends the fleet to the English Channel. The ships are scattered and weakened after the long voyage and are outclassed when compared to the English seadog’s experienced naval tactics. They are defeated, and the English establishes it’s naval dominance in the North Atlantic.

1604 - England and Spain sign a peace treaty ending public hostilities.

- The English people begin the planting of a future colonial empire.

- The wealthy English landowners begin to force small farmers out of their homes due to their expanding of their properties for livestock, creating a mass migrating population of near-poverty, unemployment, and hopeless individuals.

**Primogeniture Law- The eldest son acquires parents shares or at least partial of them. The younger siblings must look elsewhere to make a living.

1606 - Colonists land on the Chesapeake where they are attacked by Indians.

-Discover the James River

May 24, 1607- Jamestown founded.

1608 - John Smith is captured by the Indian chief Powhatan and goes through a ceremony which was intended to impress Smith and imply a peace between the newcomers and the natives. Eventually Smith takes over and saves the unorganized colonists. Yet even then only 60 survived the vicious winter.

1609 - Another expedition sets sail for the New World but the loss of their leaders at sea causes them to be unorganized.

- The colonists arrive but are plagued by starvation, disease, and malnutrition. Instead of gathering provisions the inexperienced self called “gentleman” wasted all their time looking for gold before the harsh winter hit.

1610- Lord De La Warr comes to Virginia at whips the settlers into a harsh military-like regimen and instigates an aggressive attitude towards the natives.

** Brought Irish tactics to natives.

1614 - Anglo-Powhatan War- Colonists burn houses, confiscated provisions, and torched cornfields of the Indians. (Ending of the already shaky peace between the colonists and the natives.)

1619 - Africans sold to Jamestown colonists. Soon make up 14% of population

- John Rolfe and Pocahontas marry.

1622- Indians attack English settlements 347 colonists’ end up dead including John Rolfe.

-The Virginia Company orders war with no peace or treaty.

1644-