Gene and Genome

Many of us definitely must have listen to an important sentence in our life; it goes something like this “You look like your mom or dad.” Or may be something similar like how you and your parent might behave or act in a same way. Have you ever wonder how we resemble so much like our parents and how our children resemble us? For years we have noticed that the offspring of an organism are startlingly similar and in some puzzlingly different. This is due to because of something that is in our bodies called genes.

Every living organism in this world have gene passed down through generation.

The word gene comes from the Greek word pangenesis coined by Charles Darwin in 1868. The word pangenesis means pan (whole) and genesis (birth) or genos (origin). It was not until the year 1909 when Wilhelm Johannes coined the word “GENE” to describe the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity. However, it was the work of Gregor Mendel in the 1860s, who studied the heredity in pea plants that illustrated the theory that inherited traits are passed from one generation to the next in discrete units.

Gene is the unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent of any living organism to the offspring and it is held to determine some characteristics of the offspring. Genes are encoded in the DNA of chromosomes. Chromosomes consist of a single very long DNA helix. The encoded genes are located in the locus of the chromosomes.

Most genes encode protein and some produce non coding region RNA molecule. Protein and non coding RNA are known as the gene expression.

The two major steps to the overall of the gene expression, that have to be done to separate protein coding genes from its protein in all organisms are known as transcription and translation, respectively known as protein synthesis.

1. Transcription is the process where a DNA sequence is enzymatically copied by an RNA polymerase, which reads the template