Organic Chemistry

Homologous Series: An homologous series is a set of compounds whose components differ by a single repeating functional group. In the case of (straight chain) alkanes, CH2. Their general formula is CnH2n+2. The chemical properties of the individual members of an homologous series are similar and they show a gradual change in physical properties.

Hydrocarbons: Compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon. There are three types alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

A saturated molecule contains single covalent bonds only. An unsaturated molecule contains one or more multiple (double or triple) covalent bonds.

Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space. Structural Isomerism have the same molecular formula but different molecular structures, i.e. the atoms are bonded together in a different sequence.

Homolytic fission

The Bond breaks evenly with one electron from the bonding pair going to each atom A° °B This produces species with single electrons called free radicals. Free radicals are most commonly formed when the bond being broken