Psychology Outline

Chapter 7 ЎV Outline

„« Altered State of Consciousness

-changes occur in the quality and pattern of mental activity

*normal *alert *waking *sleep and dreaming *sensory deprivation *drugs

-distinct shifts in perception, emotion, memories, time sense, thoughts, etcЎK

„« Effects of Sleep loss and Changes in Sleep Patterns

-Sleep = innate biological rhythm essential for survival.

*microsleep- brief shift in brain activity to the pattern normally recorded during sleep

-Sleep loss affects performance with routine actions or vigilance.

-7 to 8 hours of sleep per night is the average sleep pattern

*without this, could result in sleep-deprivation psychosis

„« Stages of Sleep

-Four Stages

*1: light sleep (heart rate slows, breathing becomes irregular, muscles relax, hypnic jerk

*2: body temp. drops, EEG = sleep spindles, people say they are asleep

*3: EEG = delta wave, move into deeper sleep and a further loss of consciousness

*4: deep sleep, brain waves all delta, sleeper wakes up in a sense of confusion

„« 2 Kinds Of Sleeping: REM & NREM

-REM: rapid eye movement

* dreaming occurs during REM

-NREM: Non- rapid eye movement

„« Sleeping Disorders

-Insomnia: difficulty going to sleep, frequent nighttime awakenings, waking too early, or a combination of these problems.

*temporary insomnia *drug-dependency insomnia

-Sleepwalking and Sleeptalking: occurs during NREM sleep

--people who sleepwalk = somnambulists

-Nightmares and Night Terrors:

*nightmare = simply a bad dream that takes place during REM sleep

*night terror = a state of panic during NREM sleep

-Narcolepsy: sudden, irresistible sleep attacks

*victims may fall asleep while standing, talking, or even driving ЎV triggered by emotional excitement, such as laughter

-Sleep Apnea: breathing stops for periods of 20 sec. ЎV 2 min. , as the need for oxygen becomes intenseЎXperson wakes a little and gulps in air.

-SIDS: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Ў§crib deathЎЁ