Tv Pirating

discussion of ssavi scrambling: ssavi stands for suppressed sync, audio video

inversion. this method of encoding video transmissions was developed by the

zenith radio corporation, who manufactures the vast majority of legal

unscramblers used today with this method. suffice to say, ssavi is the antichrist of cable pirates. the system involves several less sophisticated methods combined to produce a severely scrambled signal which is very difficult

to decode without the proper hardware. (ie, a real box.) it is illustrated by

the name: suppressed sync: this is the method discussed in part 1 of this

series, only worse. the sync portion of the signal is not transmitted on an

audio subcarrier, but in lines 1-14 of the picture information which are not

seen on the screen. hence, the box must be able to isolate the first 14 lines

of video and extract the information from them. audio: the audio is transmitted

on a subcarrier in a similar fashion as the sync pulses in part 1. if you will

remember, the audio was normal in the suppressed sync method. video inversion:

the video signal is randomly inverted at the scrambling stage, resulting in a

negative picture when the signal is inverted. (yes, like a camera negative.)

the indicator for

whether the upcoming frame of video will be inverted is also sent in the first

14 lines of video, allowing the box to begin inverting the signal before you

see it.

all of these little bits of evilness exist independently of each other. the

signal may have all, none, or any combination of these things. because of

this, the box must be very intelligent. also, because the box is used so

widely, it must have a tuner, allowing your local transmitter to select what

channel they are using by tuning the box before they give it to you. all this

makes for a real fun time when you go to unscramble your signal.

Box theory: the suppressed sync signal is transved from the first few lines

of video mitted normally in the first few lines of video, which, incidentally,

are transmitted normally. the box 'sees' these 14 normal sync pulses, and calibrates itself to reproduce these sync pulses for the rest of the frame of

video. it then inserts these pulses where they are needed in the signal to

produce a normal picture. this recalibration every frame is necessary,

though. sync pulses occur over 500 times every second, and if the clock were

not constantly revamped, it could get out of sync (oh god) with itself. audio:

the audio is transmitted on a subcarrier deviated about 15khz. all the box does

to the audio is retransmit the audio on the proper frequency. video

inversion: the video signal is randomly inverted, but the mode (inverted vs.

normal) can only be switched between frames, not between fields, making the job

of detection and rein- version slightly easier. the box looks at a portion of

line (2, I think) and based on the logic level at a certain point in this line

of video, the box reroutes the signal through an operational amplifier's

inverting input. as a result, a signal received inverted is now correct, and a

frame of video 'seen' as normal is not routed through the inverter, and sent

straight to the rf modulator, which retransmits the corrected signal to the TV

set, usually on channel 3.

physical description of the zenith ssavi decoder: the box is approx. 11" by 7",

and about 2.5" tall,