Acouting Information System

Introduction to Data Processing, Data Bases&

Data Modeling and Data Base Design

PAPER

Prepared to meet the task

Accounting Information System courses supervised by Mr. Eko Ganis

BY

Nadia Dayanti (0910233046)

Satrio Mangkunegoro (0910233138 )

UNIVERSITY BRAWIJAYA OF MALANG

FACULTY OF ECONOMICS

INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT

March 2011

Introduction to Data Processing, Data Bases&

Data Modeling and Data Base Design

ABSTRACT

Database architecture consists of three levels, external, conceptual and internal. Clearly separating the three levels was a major feature of the relational database model that dominates 21st century databases. The external level defines how users understand the organization of the data and how to make data become easier. A single database can have any number of views at the external level. The internal level defines how the data is physically stored and processed by the computing system. Internal architecture is concerned with cost, performance, design, scalability and other operational matters. The conceptual is a level of indirection between internal and external. It provides a common view of the database that is uncomplicated by details of how the data is stored or managed, and that can unify the various external views into a coherent whole. A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software package designed to store and manage databases.

Key word : database, relational, design, DBMS

Introduction to Data Processing, Data Bases&

Data Modeling and Data Base Design

INTRODUCTION

History

Databases have been in use since the earliest days of electronic computing, with companies beginning to use database management systems back in the 1960s. However, back then DBMSs were present only in large organizations that had the computer hardware necessary to support large data sets.

Explain the importance and advantage of database as well as the difference between database and file based legacy system, then explain the difference between logical and physical views of a database,fundamental concepts of database system such as database system such as DBMS,schemas etc. Describe what a relational database is and how it organize data.

Create a set of well-structured tables to properly store data in a relational database

DATA PROCESSING

Data processing refers to the process of performing specific operations on a set of data or a database. A database is an organized collection of facts and information, such as records on employees, inventory, customers, and potential customers. As these examples suggest, numerous forms of data processing exist and serve diverse applications in the business setting.

Data processing primarily is performed on information systems, a broad concept that encompasses computer systems and related devices. At its core, an information system consists of input, processing, and output. In addition, an information system provides for feedback from output to input. The input mechanism (such as a keyboard, scanner, microphone, or camera) gathers and captures raw data and can be either manual or automated. Processing, which also can be accomplished manually or automatically, involves transforming the data into useful outputs. This can involve making comparisons, taking alternative actions, and storing data for future use. Output typically takes the form of reports and documents that are used by managers. Feedback is utilized to make necessary adjustments to the input and processing stages of the information system.

The processing stage is where management typically exerts the greatest control over data. It also is the point at which management can derive the most value from data, assuming that powerful processing tools are available to obtain the intended results. The most frequent processing procedures available to management are basic