Body Outline Lab

Body Outline Lab

Partners: Megan Cohen and Tatum Nolan

Class: Human Anatomy

Block: 3A

Term: Fall 2014

Problem: Create an outline of an entire human body; label all human body cavities and label all human body regions.

Introduction:

Before beginning the lab, research is required to understand the areas, regions and cavities, which would be labeled on the outline. The cephalic region is basically the head, which contains the frontal (forehead), orbital (eye), nasal (nose), buccal (cheek), and oral areas. The Cervical region is the neck region. The Thoracic region contains the sternal (breastbone) and Axillary (armpit) areas. The abdominal region is the body trunk inferior to the rubs, containing the umbilical (naval) area. The Pelvic region is the area overlying the pelvis. The Pubic region contains the groin area where the thigh meets the body trunk. The upper limb region contains all arm areas, while the lower limb region contains all leg areas.

Many parts of this lab also require a comprehension of directional terms. Superior means above or toward the head end/upper part of the body, while inferior means away from the head and towards the lower part of the body. Ventral means towards the front of the body, while dorsal means towards the backside. Medial means at the midline of the body (vertically), while lateral means away from the midlines or on the outer side of. Proximal means close to the body’s origin, while distal means father from the origin of a body part.

Materials:

• Large sheet paper (butcher paper)
• Human Anatomy textbook or cell phone for research
• scissors
• Ruler/ Yard stick
• Pen/ Marker (different colors)

Procedure:

1. Stand up and gather materials; pen/marker, large sheet of paper, partner, textbook/cellphone, yardstick or measuring tape, scissors, and rulers from around the classroom.
2. Use a yard stick or measuring tape to measure your partner’s body length (head to toe against a wall), arm span (fingertip to fingertip) and leg length (toe to hip). Record your results in your lab journal, including height and arm-span in inches.
3. Use your measurements from the observations you took to decide how much large paper to cut for the body outline. Measure the paper to four inches longer than partner’s height to ensure plenty of room, the cut evenly.  
4. Put the large sheet of paper flat on the ground and have one partner lay down on large sheet of paper in anatomical position: with legs slightly apart and arms out by sides with palms up facing up.
5. Other partner will outline their partner’s entire body. Trace with pencil first, starting from the top of the head, around one arm, down to the legs, up the other side and arm, then back u to the head. Go over in marker.
6. Repeat steps 1-5 for other partner
7. Use textbook/cellphone to identity the cavities and regions on the sketch of your partner. Use different colored markers for cavities and regions.

Data:

As a result of following the above procedure, the group was able to solve the problem and create an outline of an entire human body, label all human body cavities, and label all human body regions. Because the outline was done face up, we could only label those regions located on the ventral (or frontal) side of the body. The following regions were marked on the outline:

• Cephalic- This region is located in the most superior part of the body, including several body landmarks: The frontal area is superior to the orbital area. The orbital area is superior to the nasal area but inferior to the frontal area. The nasal area is inferior to the buccal area, and covers the nose. The buccal area is located on the cheeks and is superior to the oral area. The oral area is where the mouth is located and the most inferior location in the cephalic region.
• Cervical- this region is located inferior to the cephalic region and superior to the thoracic region. It is the neck area, which is medial to the ears and shoulders.
• Thoracic- this region is located inferior to the cervical region contains the sternal area superior to the axillary area. The sternal area is medial to the axillary area (the armpit).
• Abdominal- this region is located inferior to the thoracic region but superior to the pelvic region. It is the ventral body trunk inferior to the ribs. It includes the umbilical area with the naval, located just superior of the pelvic region.
• Pelvic- this region is located just inferior to the abdominal region. It is the ventral area overlying the pelvis.
• Pubic- this region is located inferior to the pelvic region. It contains the inguinal area, which contains the groin. The area is located medial to the thighs.
• Upper limb- this region is located inferior to the cervical region, and lateral to the thoracic and abdominal regions. It contains the following areas, in order from superior to inferior:  acromonial, deltoid, brachial, antecubital, antebrachial, carpal. The acromonial area to superior to all of the other areas, while the carpal is inferior to all of them. The carpal area is also distal to the shoulder, while the acromonial area is proximal to the shoulder.
• Lower limb- This region is location inferior to the abdominal region and lateral to the pelvic and pubic regions. It contains the coxal or hip area, which is superior to the femoral, patellar, crural, fibular, tarsal, and digital area. The digital area (toes) are distal to the hip.

The following body cavities were also identified and indicated on the body outline:

• The cranial cavity is located in the cephalic region, superior to the spinal cavity. It is located superficial to the skin on the head. It contains the skull and is located dorsal to the frontal and orbital areas.
• The spinal cavity is in the cervical and dorsal region, containing the spinal cord. It is located dorsal to the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
• The thoracic cavity is located superior to the diaphram, ventral to the spinal cord.
• The abdominopelvic cavity contains both the abdominal cavity, superior to the pelvic cavity. These cavities are ventral to the spinal cavity.

Analysis:

        By conducting this lab investigation and completing a body outline, one can observe the importance of the data collected. The results of the body outline demonstrate all of the regions and cavities, which is a valuable tool for locating the body systems.