Carboxylic Acid and Derivatives

REPORT

EXPERIMENT 9 CARBOXYLIC ACID AND DERIVATIVES

Date: January 19, 2004

Objectives:

1. To understand the reactions of carboxylic compounds and derivatives.

2. To know the methods for preparing carboxylic acid derivatives.

3. To know the methods for testing the carboxylic acid derivatives.

Experimental Procedures:

9.1 Solubility

1. Prepare 3 test tubes with 3 ml of water in each.

2. Place 3 drops of acetic acid, benzoic acid, and oxalic acid in separate test tubes.

3. Shake and observe the solubility, then test the solution with litmus paper if soluble.

4. Repeat the experiment using ether and ethanol as the solvent.

9.2 Reactions with Bases

1. Prepare 3 test tubes with 3 drops of 5% NaOH.

2. Add 5 drops of 50 mg of acetic acid, benzoic acid and oxalic acid.

3. Shake and observe the changes.

4. Repeat the procedures using 5% NaHCO3.

9.3 Oxidation Reactions

9.3.1 Reaction with KMnO4

1. Prepare 4 test tubes with 2 ml of water and add 1 ml of conc. H2SO4 to each.

2. Place 4 drops (0.1 g) of formic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, and oxalic acid, each into a different test tube.

3. If the acid does not dissolve, place it in 50。C to heat until totally dissolved.

4. Add 3 drops of 5% KMnO4 to each, then shake and observe the reactions.

9.3.2 Reaction with Tollen’s Reagent

1. Place 3 ml of Tollen’s Reagent in 4 separate test tubes.

2. Add 3 drops of formic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, and oxalic acid each into a different test tube.

3. If the acid is a solid, dissolve 50 mg in 4-5 drops of ethanol before putting into the test tube.

4. Shake and let it stand, then observe the reactions.

5. If no reaction can be observed, warm the test tube in 50。C water bath for 5 minutes.

* Do not inhale the fumes occurring with oxalic acid, they are toxic to respiratory system.

9.4 Preparation of Ester from Halides