Mark Twain Life and Racism

Contents

INTRODUCTION

I. THE CREATION OF MARK TWAIN

1 BOYHOOD

2 YOUTH

3 THE EAST AND THE MIDWEST

4 RIVERBOAT PILOT AND "SOLDIER"

5 NEVADA

6 SAN FRANCISCO

II. YEARS OF SUCCESS

1 LECTURER

2 THE EAST, AGAIN

3 THE INNOCENTS ABROAD

4 LIVY AND BUFFALO

5 ROUGHING IT

6 THE GILDED AGE

7 PRODUCTIVE SUMMERS

8 TOM SAWYER

9 A TRAMP ABROAD

10 THE PRINCE AND THE MISSISSIPPI

11 HUCKLEBERRY FINN AND A CONNECTICUT YANKEE

III. YEARS OF TROUBLE

1 EUROPE, AGAIN

2 FINANCIAL DISASTER AND TRAGEDY

3 RETURN

4 LATE YEARS

5 LAST HONOUR

IV. MARK TWAIN - A RACIST WRITER ?

1 THE TASK

2 CHILD OF THE SOUTH

3 CHANGING VIEWS

4 THE KEY

5 HUCK AND JIM

6 HUCK'S LESSON

7 GOING TO HELL

8 WHY DID HUCK USE THE "N"WORD ?

9 THE END

10 CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHRONOLOGY

YOUR PAGE

MY FAVORITE MARK TWAIN QUOTES

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Introduction

In 1835 Halley's Comet blazed across the night sky of the United States. At that time the country was still rural. When the comet blazed once again across the night sky in 1910, the country had seen the industrial revolution, its population and the number of states had increased dramatically. It had seen many inventions, but also the bloody Civil War.

And the country, as well as the comet, had seen Samuel Langhorne Clemens, alias Mark Twain, come and go. His life was mysteriously tied to the comet, and since they had arrived together in 1835 he was sure and always predicted that they should exit together in 1910.

The seventy-five years in between he filled with an eventful life, restless wandering from one place to another, finally becoming one of America's greatest writers.

Today he is also one of the most often criticised writers, his books being banned on the accuse of racism. So in the second part of this study I shall try to answer the question, whether Mark Twain really was a racist writer.

First let us turn to Twain's biography. In his best works he was always his own biographer, and so it is easy to turn to his books for a lively account of his life. Nonetheless, I will tell his story. I will not reach the standard of the master himself, but I shall try ...

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I. The Creation of Mark Twain

1 Boyhood

Samuel Langhorne Clemens was born on November 30, 1835, in the small village of Florida, Missouri. The sixth of the seven children of Jane and John Marshall Clemens was a weak and sick baby, who barely survived the first two winters. But it should live well into the twentieth century.

John Clemens was a lawyer and storekeeper who had moved his family several times seeking better opportunities. He had invested in land and businesses, hoping to become rich quickly. But by the time Clemens was born, most of his father's wealth had been lost, and his family