Nip/tuck

1. You can tell that she loves dogs and hates horses; she has a dog, but she doesn't have a horse.

This sentence has no proof. It just jumps to a conclusion. There are probably many reasons why she does not have a horse. She could not have enough money for a horse. This sentence shows generalization, that because she does not have a horse, but has a dog that she hates horses.

2. The fact that you weren't murdered yesterday shows what an effective deterrent the death penalty is.

Just because you weren’t murdered yesterday doesn’t mean that people are afraid of the death penalty, it just means no one murdered you yesterday. You can’t rationalize not getting murdered with someone being afraid of the death penalty. Maybe today is your unlucky day.

3. Because she is so tall, she must be a good basketball player.

Being tall does not make you a good basketball player. In that case, because he can catch a ball he must play baseball. You can’t really deduce that just because someone is tall they are good at basketball. Maybe they are really uncoordinated and can’t dribble the ball or shoot