Summary Research Methodology

Internal Consistency of measures

The internal consistency of measures is indicative of homogeneity of the items in the measure that tap the construct. In other words, the item should "hang together as a set", and capable of independently measuring the same concept so that the respondent attach the same overall meaning to each of the items.

Interim Consistency Reliability

This is a test of the consistency of the respondent's answers to all the items in a measure. To the degree that items are independent measure of the same concept, they will be correlated with one another. The higher the coefficient, the better the measuring instrument.

Split-Half Reliability

Split-Half reliability reflects the correlations between two halves of an instrument. The estimates would vary depending on how the items in the measure are split into two halves. Split-Half reliability could be higher than Cronbach's alpha only in the circumstance of there being more than one underlying response dimension tapped by the measure by the measure and when certain other conditions are met as well. It is important to note that reliability is a necessary but not sufficient condition of the test of goodness of a measure.

Validity

Validity ensures the ability of scale to measure the intended concept. The terms internal validity and external validity in the context of experimental designs. This is, we were concerned about the issue of the authenticity of the cause-and-effect relationships (internal validity), and their generalizability to the external environment (external validity). Several types of validity tests are used to test the goodness of measures and writers use different terms to denote them. For sake of clarity, we may group validity tests under three broad headings: content validity, criterion-related validity, and construct validity.

• Content validity

Content validity ensures that the measure includes an adequate and representative set of items that tap