Unit 2 Questions

Chapter 1:

1) The Agricultural Revolution was he Indians shift to basic crops that profoundly altered Native Americans lives. It impacted their lives by making a more reliable source of food available, freeing them from just being hunter gatherers.

2) Cultural values and assumptions that Indians had in common were kinship, matrilineality, and some linguistic ties.

3) Items in the Columbian Exchange that came from Europe were sugar, bananas, pigs, sheep, cattle, horse, and dandelions. Items that came from the New world were Corn, tobacco, beans, squash, sweet potatoes, pepper, tomatoes, and potatoes.

4) Martin Luther’s message to the Catholic Church was that the head of the church was the bible, and not a single person. He said that god spoke through the bible, not a person. John Calvin’s idea was that God was omnipotent over human affairs, and that god chose some people for salvation and others eternal damnation.

5) The British Conquered Ireland because they seen that there was money to be made in Ireland, so they created settlements and forced the local Irishmen into tenancy or off their land. They also had a full feeling of superiority over the Irish, and violently suppressed any rebellion. The British treatment of the Irish was generally that of slaves. They treated them so insanely inhumanly, that even today the Irish still have a deep hatred of the British controlled Northern Ireland.

Chapter 2:

1) Reasons for English immigrations were: purer form of worship, land ownership, more wealth, and escape of bad marriages or jail terms.

2) The joint stock companies were created to underwrite the expenses of a new settlement. It worked by allowing many people to invest in it, and over time get back their initial investment plus a part of whatever profits the company made. The advantages for stock owners were that they did not have to fear bankruptcy.

3) Jamestown’s major challenges were: colony needed soldiers, craftsmen and farmers, but instead was populated largely by self-important gentlemen unaccustomed to manual labor, rampant disease, and virtually no way to support themselves. The colony was rescued by John Smith and tobacco because he managed to keep several individuals whom he forced to work for him alive.