Urinanalysis

OBSERVATIONS TABLE

Purpose: We were given two samples of urine and asked to detect any abnormalities through a series of tests. We were able to determine the level of glucose in the sample using Benedict's test. Then we added buiret's reagent to determine if proteins and short-chained polypeptides were present. Lastly, we used PH paper to determine the PH of the sample.

Patient #46 Patient #95

Color Transparent Yellow hue, Transparent

Smell Odorless Odorless

Turbidity Not turbid Not Turbid

Change in color

(Benedicts added)

None ( Bright Blue)

Bright Blue ? Dark Blue

Change in color (Biuret added) Transparent/ Blue hue Light Purple

Turbidity Not Turbid Slightly Turbid

pH Paper Green (7.5) Orange/Red (11.5)

ANALYSIS

We will analyze each test to determine if any abnormalities are present.

At first glance, both patient number 46 and 95 seem to have normal characteristics. In patient 95's sample there is no reason to suspect that the yellow hue is caused by any dysfunction because urine color (light/darkness of yellow) varies depending on whether the patient is hydrated, has undergone exercise, etc. Moving on to the first test, the addition of Benedicts solutions, we notice that sample 46 shows no change in color but sample 95 undergoes change from bright to dark blue. This change still indicates a negative sugar level, which is synonymous to sample 46. If glucose were present, diabetes mellitus would be a possible diagnosis but since these glucose levels are normal, we can rule it out. On to the biuret reagent, we find some interesting results. Sample 46 portrays a transparent blue hue. This is the typical color for normal trace amounts of protein. In sample 95, the reagent turns light purple and slightly turbid. This indicates an abnormal amount of protein present. This condition is called proteinuria. Proteinuria varies from benign to serious and can be caused by various different factors. The three main categories of this condition are: Glomerular, tubular, and overflow. All three are caused by increased permeability or decreased reabsorption in the nephron¬. Several urine test are usually needed to determine the kind of proteinuria. Although there is a dysfunction in the kidney, the good thing is that this condition rarely causes long-lasting health affects and does not usually need to be treated.

When tested the pH for sample 46 we acquired a pH of 7.5 which is said to be a normal range for urine. With these results we can safely conclude that sample 46 is the control/normal sample.

DIAGNOSIS

Patient #46

Normal glucose, protein, and pH levels. Urine sample is normal and kidney function is healthy.

Patient