Organizational Behavior
By: Janna • Essay • 497 Words • November 12, 2009 • 1,200 Views
Essay title: Organizational Behavior
Traditional Assumptions
• people try to satisfy one class of need at work: economic need
• no conflict exists between individual and organizational objectives
• people act rationally to maximize rewards
• we act individually to satisfy individual needs
Human relations Assumptions
• organizations are social systems, not just technical economic systems
• we are motivated by many needs
• we are not always logical
• we are interdependent; our behavior is often shaped by the social context
• informal work group is a major factor in determining attitudes and performance of individual workers
• management is only one factor affecting behavior; the informal group often has a stronger impact
• job roles are more complex than job descriptions would suggest; people act in many ways not covered by job descriptions
• there is no automatic correlation between individual and organizational needs
• communication channels cover both logical/economic aspects of an organization and feelings of people
• teamwork is essential for cooperation and sound technical decisions
• leadership should be modified to include concepts of human relations
• job satisfaction will lead to higher job productivity
• management requires effective social skills, not just technical skills
SCHOOLS OF HISTORICAL THOUGHT AND THEIR COMPONENTS BY DECADE
Org. theory prior to 1900: Emphasized the division of labor and the importance of machinery to facilitate labor
Scientific management (1910s-)--Described management as a science with employers having specific but different responsibilities; encouraged the scientific selection, training, and development of workers and the equal division of work between workers and management
Classical school (1910s- ) Listed the duties of a manager as planning, organizing, commanding employees, coordinating activities, and controlling performance; basic principles called for specialization of work, unity of command, scalar chain of command, and coordination of activities
Human relations (1920s-)Focused on the importance of the attitudes and feelings of workers; informal roles and norms influenced performance
Group dynamics (1940s) Encouraged