Science
The scientific world contains a wealth of knowledge that enables mankind to live the way it does. EssaysForStudent.com can help you close the gaps in your knowledge.
4,609 Essays on Science. Documents 3,181 - 3,210
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Potential Life Savers
Just about everyone in the world today knows either a loved one or a friend that is dying of a fatal disease or a terminal illness. Every day people are dying of incurable diseases due to the lack of knowledge or the lack of treatment for their disease. Imagine if there was a cure or an answer to save your loved ones or friends life, wouldn’t you want to give them a second chance
Rating:Essay Length: 1,172 Words / 5 PagesSubmitted: December 13, 2009 -
Poverty
Poverty is defined as “the state of being poor; lack of the means of providing material needs or comforts.(” More children live in poverty in the United States than in any other developed country (p. 192, Parrillo). Generally, poverty is blamed either on the individual or the system. Several dimensions such as intelligence, poverty culture, family life and the system of capitalism give explanation as to why poverty exists in the U.S. Intelligence has been
Rating:Essay Length: 735 Words / 3 PagesSubmitted: December 1, 2009 -
Poverty Alleviation in India
Despite the corruption involved in dispersing of funds in poverty alleviating programs, the Government, the World Bank and the U.S. are helping India eradicate poverty through dispersing funds to build the economy, battle disease and also improve infrastructure. Corruption can occur through bribes and red tape from low level government levels to high levels. Even though there is corruption detected by politicians and bureaucrats. The Government of India has presented strategies to alleviate poverty through
Rating:Essay Length: 3,105 Words / 13 PagesSubmitted: March 13, 2010 -
Power Play for Howard
"Power Play for Howard" Case Study Week Three Team Assignment University of Phoenix Organizational Negotiations/MGT445 Group Number: Instructor Stack Negotiating Tools For successful negotiations, a comprehensive, detailed, planning process should be followed. By outlining and defining the factors that are involved in the negotiations assists in strategizing and mapping the direction of the process. Assessing and preparing for the proper audience, individual, or group sets the stage for strong, prepared foundation. Finally being flexible and
Rating:Essay Length: 328 Words / 2 PagesSubmitted: April 27, 2011 -
Practice Genetic Conselor Letter
Dear Parents, As you may know I am your genetic counselor, and before I began, allow me to go over some basics of DNA and genetics. First of all chromosomes, Chromosomes are organized structures of DNA and proteins that are found in cells. Chromosomes vary extensively between different organisms. Human cells have 23 pairs of large linear nuclear chromosomes, giving a total of 46 per cell. Now you may ask yourself what DNA is, and
Rating:Essay Length: 944 Words / 4 PagesSubmitted: March 9, 2010 -
Pragmatics
[摘　要] 批评语是人们日常生活中常见的一种言语行为,是语用学研究的重要课题。本文以Austin 和Searle 的 言语行为理论及Brown & Levinson 的礼貌理论为基础,探讨英汉批评言语行为的语用策略,并对其应答模式进行分析 以进一步深化言语行为的研究。 [关键词] 　批评; 言语行为; 语用策略; 应答模式 语用学的批评言语行为 一、引言 语言是人类最重要的交际工具，语言的功能指的是语言通过言语的形式在人类生活中所起的作用。语言的功能实施的过程也就是言语行为实施的过程。语言的交际功能只有通过言语行为才可以执行。比如批评，赞扬还有日常生活中的抱怨等。抱怨是日常生活中比较常见的言语行为,是对他人过去和正在进行的不利于抱怨者自身或公众、当时的社会道德规范相违背的行为表示不满、不认同或指责,希望被抱怨者对他/她的行为负责或进行补救,并且尽量避免此类冒犯行为再次发生。抱怨言语行为本质上和人与人之间的和谐关系相冲突,是威胁面子的行为之一。人际交往中的面子概念是Goffman (1967) 首先提出来的。他认为面子是某种意义上的感情投资,在交往中人们必须时时小心关照它。面子是个既可以获得也可以失去的无形的东西。Brown &Levinson (1978) 拓展了Goffman 的面子概念,进一步分为积极面子和消极面子。积极面子是人们希望得到别人肯定和赞许;消极面子指人们希望自己的行为不受他人阻碍,拥有言行的自主性。而批评语是一个值得研究的言语行为,是语用学研究的重要课题。关于言语行为,国内外已有不少论著。早在1955 年英国哲学家Austin 就提出了言语行为理论。Austin 认为人类言语交际的最小单位并不是语言的各种句式,而是某种言语行为,如请求、感谢等。言语行为的特点是说话人通过说一句话或若干句话来执行一个或若干个行为,即以言行事。语言研究大体上有两种理论前提,有两条路子：形式主义的语语言观和功能主义的语言观。言言语行为理论的提出,引起语言学家们的极大关注。继Austin 之后,Searle 于1969 年又出版了《言语行为》一书,使这一理论在语言学中的影响更大。近些年来,随着言语行为研究的发展,许多语言学者已从不同角度对许多语言中的请求、道歉等言语行为作过专门论述,但对批评言语行为的研究甚少,所以本文根据言语行为理论Brown & Levinson 的礼貌理论,对英汉批评言语行为进行较详细的论述和分析,通过论证英汉批评言语行为的语用策略及应答模式来描写和解释这一语言现象。什么是批评? 广义上讲,对缺点和错误提出意见则为批评。从批评言语行为的定义我们不难看出,批评言语行为具有很强的面子威胁性。那么如何进行批评呢? 二、批评言语行为的语用策略 布朗与列文森认为“有些言语行为具有内在的面子威胁性质,因此这些言语行为本质上是与发话人或受话人的面子需求背道而驰的”。批评言语行为是典型的面子威胁言语行为,在实施这一言语行为时,要根据具体的语言环境,选择合适的批评方式,以达到理想的交际目的。 (一)“非公开”策略(off - record) “非公开”策略是指批评者通过采用暗示、含糊的表达等间接形式来实施批评言语行为,而不直接指责对方。采用这种策略实施批评言语行为时,批评者往往不明显提及被批评者,也不明显提及被批评者的错误行为,故意使批评语听起来含蓄、模糊,以避免伤害受话人的面子。主要有以下几种模式: 1. 表扬式批评(criticism in praise ) 表扬式批评是指通过表扬他人来间接隐含地批评受话人。请看下例: ( 1)“Look , Billy , See how neat Tommy keeps his room ?” 在这个例子中,妈妈并没有直接批评Billy ,而是通过表扬Tommy 的房间整洁,使Billy 推出其隐含的意义,即“我的房间不够整洁,至少没有象Tommy 的房间那样整洁”。事实上,这种模式有意留给受话人一席空间,让受话人自己去解释是否发话人真正实施了批评言语行为。总之,这种模式的语言特点是完全避免直接或间接提及受话人或受话人的错误行为。 2. 讽刺式(sarcasm) 讽刺是日常交际中常用的语言形式。善意的讽刺能够在谈笑间帮助别人认识错误,改正错误。所以,讽刺不失为一种较好的说服批评方式。请看下例: (2) 顾客:你们饭店的米饭真不错,花样繁多。 服务员:不就一种吗? 顾客:不,有生的,有熟的,还有半生不熟的。 在这个例子中,一个顾客在一个饭店用餐,吃完饭后,发生了上面的对话。这个顾客字面上表扬饭店的米饭“花样繁多”,然后通过解释间接指出毛病所在。这位顾客就是采用先扬后抑的讽刺方式,指出问题所在,批评了饭店的工作。 3. 质问式(questions) 另一种常用的间接批评方式是质问式。这种批评方式是通过间接言语行为实现的。即通过实施一种言语行为来实现另一种言语行为。请看下例: （3）
Rating:Essay Length: 328 Words / 2 PagesSubmitted: December 27, 2009 -
Praying Mantis
to a large, much elongated, slow-moving insect with fore legs fitted for seizing and holding insect prey. The name comes from the praying like position in which the insect holds its long, jointed front legs while at rest or waiting for prey. The three common species of mantids in North America are the European mantis (Mantis religiosa), the Chinese mantis (Tenodera aridifolia sinensis), and the Carolina mantis (Stagmomantis carolina). There are many ways to distinguish
Rating:Essay Length: 1,909 Words / 8 PagesSubmitted: November 25, 2009 -
Preclinical
Preclinical Based on the information you have received in your client assignment, prepare for each weeks clinical rotation by answering the following questions. You will be expected to be able to respond concerning these aspects of preparation to your instructor and to plan your care accordingly. Your ability to respond comprehensively will reflect your competence with respect to standard #2 (knowledge) and #3 (application of knowledge) Describe the pathophysiology of the disease(s) your client has.
Rating:Essay Length: 799 Words / 4 PagesSubmitted: February 5, 2010 -
Predicting and Measuring the Mass of a Reactant in Excess
Experiment 6E Predicting and Measuring the Mass of a Reactant in Excess Block: E Date: January 27, 2016 Purpose The purpose of this lab is to help us review writing and balancing an equation, applying principals of stoichiometry, predicting amount of zinc's excess and analyze experimental results to determine unexpected results. Materials Refer to Health Lab Experiment, Lab 6E, page 93 Procedures Refer to Health Lab Experiment, Lab 6E, page 93-94 * We only used
Rating:Essay Length: 485 Words / 2 PagesSubmitted: January 16, 2017 -
Predicting Volcano Eruptions
Predicting Volcano Eruptions As the world's population grows, more and more people are living in potentially dangerous volcanic areas. Volcanic eruptions continue to happen and they can cause great threats to life and property. Predicting a volcano’s eruption accurately will lead to more saved lives and ensure our safety. When a volcano erupts it produces many threats. Some of these threats are lava flows, falling ash, and they may even cause other threats like mud
Rating:Essay Length: 369 Words / 2 PagesSubmitted: December 12, 2009 -
Preemption Concepts, Rhealstone Benchmark and Scheduler Analysis of Linux 2.4"
Simulation-supported Wargaming in MNE 4 Alexander Horstkotte, Thomas Erlenbruch Bundeswehr Transformation Center, 85521 Ottobrunn, Germany Email: CDE.Technik@zasbw.de 1. Introduction The objective of this document is to emphasize the importance of simulation as a measure of complexity reduction and planner’s tool for decision support in MNE 4’s Effects-Based Planning (EBP) process. Starting with an overview of the underlying principles of Wargaming and Modeling and Simulation (M&S), the outcome of this abstract is a ‘Process for the
Rating:Essay Length: 660 Words / 3 PagesSubmitted: December 31, 2009 -
Preferred Habitat of Alope Spinifrons
Abstract This investigation examined the preferred habitat of the prawn Alope spinifrons for the purpose of keeping the prawn in optimum conditions in captivity. The survey took place on shoreline between Matapouri Bay and Wooleys' Bay on the Tutukaka Coast. A. spinifrons populations were surveyed, water chemistry, temperature and depth were noted as well as substrate type and flora and fauna sharing the area. A. spinifrons preferred sheltered rocky areas where there was good water
Rating:Essay Length: 1,512 Words / 7 PagesSubmitted: November 21, 2009 -
Pregnancy
There are a number of things that must fall into place in order to have a baby. The creation of a human being requires the right environment, the right factors, the right timing, and a great deal of luck. The first step occurs when an egg cell from a woman unites with a sperm cell from a man to form an embryo the beginnings of a human being. This process is called conception. After conception
Rating:Essay Length: 1,375 Words / 6 PagesSubmitted: March 2, 2010 -
Pregnancy
MAY 5, 2008 NURSING INFORMATICS LABORATORY INSTRUCTION: ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. SUBMIT A PAPER COPY FOR THIS ACTIVITY AFTER CLASS CASE STUDY EXERCISES 1. You are participating in the customization and implementation of radiology system. Define data that must be included in the order entry process. Define the information that the nursing staff would like to view or print from the radiology system. 2. As a representative for your institution, a project with the purpose
Rating:Essay Length: 304 Words / 2 PagesSubmitted: May 5, 2011 -
Preliminary Biology Notes of All Topics
Year 11 Preliminary Biology Full Syllabus Dot Point Notes Patterns in Nature, the Local Ecosystem, Life on Earth & Evolution of the Australian Biota ________________ Patterns in Nature 1. Organisms are made up of cells that have similar structural characteristics 1. Outline the historical development of the cell theory, in particular the contributions of Robert Hooke and Robert Brown * The cell theory: * All living things are composed of cells * The cell is
Rating:Essay Length: 23,564 Words / 95 PagesSubmitted: August 5, 2017 -
Premature Births
Premature Infancy Premature babies, otherwise known as preterm babies, or preemies, are babies that are born earlier than the full-term of thirty-eight to forty-two weeks of pregnancy. These babies are generally born between the twentieth and thirty-eighth week. Almost 250,000 babies, nearly seven percent of newborns, are premature(Golant 4). Prematurity, even with all the advances in technology, is still a major cause of fetal and neonatal death. Actually, around seventy-five percent of perinatal deaths are
Rating:Essay Length: 1,312 Words / 6 PagesSubmitted: December 7, 2009 -
Preparation of Bromotriphenylmethane
Preparation of Bromotriphenylmethane Abstract The structure of a major component of star anise oil was derived by analyzing its IR spectroscopy melting point of after oxidation and purification. From the evidence obtained, it was concluded that the exact structured should be p-methoxybenzoic acid. Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to determine the structure of the major component of star anise oil. It is already known that this component has a molecular formula C10H12O. This
Rating:Essay Length: 722 Words / 3 PagesSubmitted: January 20, 2010 -
Preparation of Bromotriphenylmethane
Preparation of Bromotriphenylmethane Abstract The structure of a major component of star anise oil was derived by analyzing its IR spectroscopy melting point of after oxidation and purification. From the evidence obtained, it was concluded that the exact structured should be p-methoxybenzoic acid. Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to determine the structure of the major component of star anise oil. It is already known that this component has a molecular formula C10H12O. This
Rating:Essay Length: 722 Words / 3 PagesSubmitted: May 16, 2010 -
Preparation of Isopentyl Acetate
INTRODUCTION Isopentyl acetate, "banana oil", is a naturally occurring compound that possesses a distinctive odor. It is found in bananas, as well as many other organisms. This experiment attempts to produce isopentyl acetate by heating under reflux, which involves heating the mixture in a flask with a condenser placed vertically in the neck since any escaping vapours condense and run back into the flask, by combining isopentyl alcohol with acetic acid and an acid catalyst.
Rating:Essay Length: 1,095 Words / 5 PagesSubmitted: December 4, 2009 -
Preparation of Low Cost Housing Plan for the Homeless People
Preparation of low cost housing plan for the homeless people Table of Contents: 1. Background of the study 2. Objectives 3. Methodology 4. Scope 5. Report about the existing and proposed condition 6. Submission output 7. Timing 1. Background of the study: Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries of the world. The housing situation in Bangladesh has never been satisfactory. The majority of dwellingunits are temporary, sub-standard, unsafe and overcrowded. A large
Rating:Essay Length: 1,603 Words / 7 PagesSubmitted: October 17, 2014 -
Prescription Narcotics
The Need for Restrictions “Why there should be stricter regulations on the availability of prescription narcotics” Despite efforts to decrease the number of deaths and overdoses related to narcotic medications, such as OxyContin, and minimize the number of people illegally obtaining them, the measures that the DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) in specific are taking are not enough. The literal definition of a narcotic is a drug that produces numbness or stupor; often taken for pleasure
Rating:Essay Length: 1,278 Words / 6 PagesSubmitted: January 17, 2010 -
Present Status and Expected Continuing Development of Imaging in Medicine
Introduction With the predicted decrease in human health and shorter life expectancies that society began to observe within the last century, the world is now is preoccupied with improving overall health of the population and fighting a constant battle against diseases. Breakthroughs in medicine over the years have facilitated this in becoming a waning battle. One such technique employed, which became known in the 1970’s as a separate field of study, is Nuclear Medicine. Nuclear
Rating:Essay Length: 807 Words / 4 PagesSubmitted: November 23, 2009 -
Presentation Outline on Multiple Sclerosis
Presentation Outline on Multiple Sclerosis Outline Multiple Sclerosis: Definition: Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves an immune-mediated process in which an abnormal response of the body’s immune system is directed against the central nervous system (CNS), which is made up of the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. The exact antigen — or target that the immune cells are sensitized to attack — remains unknown, which is why MS is considered by many experts to be "immune-mediated"
Rating:Essay Length: 957 Words / 4 PagesSubmitted: March 24, 2017 -
President Bush and Obama on Stem Cells
Perry Paul Perry Denise Hill English 102 16 March 2015 President Bush and Obama on Stem Cells Today, scientists have come closer then ever to treating life altering disease such as, Parkinson’s, Lou Gehrig’s disease, Alzheimer’s, spinal cord injuries, diabetes, and even cancer. This has been researched through the use of undifferentiated stem cells. This means that these cells have yet developed into anything and are clean, untouched, and blank. They have the capability to
Rating:Essay Length: 1,344 Words / 6 PagesSubmitted: November 24, 2015 -
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes is the commonest type of diabetes accounting for 95% of cases and occurs mostly in middle age (1,2). It is the 4th or 5th leading cause of death in most developed countries (3). It is ( 4,5,6). Diabetes is becoming an increasing problem not only in the Western world but also in the developing world. It costs the UK’s National Health Service 13.7million a day to manage diabetes and its complications and
Rating:Essay Length: 4,339 Words / 18 PagesSubmitted: January 7, 2010 -
Prevent Pollution
All time-management courses boil down to one basic piece of advice: set priorities and allocate the bulk of your time to tasks that are crucial to meeting your goals. Minimize interruptions and spend big chunks of your time in productive and creative activity. Unfortunately, current information systems encourage the opposite approach, leading to an interrupt-driven workday and reduced productivity. Here are six steps to regaining control of your day: Don't check your email all the
Rating:Essay Length: 506 Words / 3 PagesSubmitted: December 21, 2009 -
Prevention over Cure
Prevention over Cure! Wouldn’t it be great if the NHS suddenly became a health service and not a �patch up’ service? How about doing things that keep people healthy rather than waiting for them to become poorly, and then spend all that effort trying to reverse inevitable disease and decline? Although this might seem an impossible dream, there are people throughout the UK who make healthy living the central feature of their work. Yet they
Rating:Essay Length: 671 Words / 3 PagesSubmitted: May 19, 2010 -
Prganizational Ethics
Organizational Ethics Paper Requirements Does your employer pressure you to abandon your personal moral code of ethics? If so, how? What can you do to resist the pressure? My manager is very strict about ethics and conduct code probably because I work in the Compliance department. But As a benefits administrator, while processing an FMLA form, you become aware of a senior employee who is incurring huge medical expenses with a serious illness. You work
Rating:Essay Length: 252 Words / 2 PagesSubmitted: May 19, 2010 -
Principles and Practice of Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
Title: Principles and Practice of Agarose Gel Electrophorsis Objectives: To detect the size , shape and charge of the each dye solution. Methods: Casting the Agarose Gel In this experiment .8% solution was used. By using a 250ml flask the buffer solution was prepared. Using the equation to make enough solution for the intire lab class the equation had to be multiplyed by five. The contents of this equation were added to the 250ml flask
Rating:Essay Length: 718 Words / 3 PagesSubmitted: November 25, 2009 -
Pro - Animal Testing and Experimentation Essay
Pro - Animal Testing and Experimentation Essay Animal testing and experimenting has been practiced ever since the fifteenth century, although it did not become widespread until the 1800's. Ever since that people realized animals had feelings and could feel pain, people have started debating over the issue of animal testing, and it soon became a highly controversial topic. Many people argues that it is unmoral to test products of any kind on animals, while scientists
Rating:Essay Length: 677 Words / 3 PagesSubmitted: December 4, 2008